Active Inference in Music Perception: Motor Engagement to Syncopation Modulates Rhythmic Prediction Error

Ishida, Kai; Nittono, Hiroshi

doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70113

Active Inference in Music Perception: Motor Engagement to Syncopation Modulates Rhythmic Prediction Error

Ishida, Kai; Nittono, Hiroshi

Psychophysiology, 2025, 62(7), e70113

アクセス数:30件（2025-10-17 22:40 集計）

固定URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11094/102753

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タイトル	Active Inference in Music Perception: Motor Engagement to Syncopation Modulates Rhythmic Prediction Error
著者	NRID 1000081014008 1000081014008 ORCID 0000-0001-6485-0950 0000-0001-6485-0950 researchmap permalink music-brain-psycho23 music-brain-psycho23 Scopus Author ID 57226548915 57226548915 著者名 Ishida, Kai
著者	NRID 1000020304371 1000020304371 ORCID 0000-0001-5671-609X 0000-0001-5671-609X researchmap permalink hiroshinittono hiroshinittono Scopus Author ID 8131491700 8131491700 著者名 Nittono, Hiroshi
キーワード等	active inference
	free energy principle
	groove
	mismatch negativity
	predictive coding
	rhythm perception
	Shannon surprise
内容	Ishida K., Nittono H.. Active Inference in Music Perception: Motor Engagement to Syncopation Modulates Rhythmic Prediction Error. Psychophysiology 62, e70113 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70113.
抄録	In active inference, the sensory surprisal (a log-probability of sensory data) of the prediction error between prediction and sensory input is modulated by action. The urge to move (groove) induced by syncopation, which provides metric uncertainty, can be considered a case of active inference in music perception. The present study investigated whether rhythmic prediction error is modulated by improving the precision of rhythm perception through tapping in sync with the rhythm. Thirty-five participants listened to a rhythmic sequence while tapping the half-note beat (tapping condition) or holding a pillow (no-tapping condition), and electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. In both conditions, the onset of the syncopated tone was rarely earlier (timing deviant: 20%) than the standard (80%). The timing deviant elicited mismatch negativity (MMN) in both the tapping and no-tapping conditions, reflecting a prediction error in timing. Moreover, the MMN was larger in the tapping condition than in the no-tapping condition, which may indicate increased precision due to tapping, even when motor-related potentials were controlled for. Neural entrainment was measured by calculating intertrial phase coherence (ITPC), which reflects oscillatory activity synchronized to stimulus frequency, and ITPC differed between the two conditions at beat-related frequencies. These results suggest that tapping enhanced meter and beat information and reduced the sensory surprisal of syncopation, resulting in a larger precision-weighted prediction error. These effects were not due to physiological arousal differences between conditions, as assessed by EEG power and heart rate variability. These results are discussed as evidence that bodily engagement modulates sensory prediction error within the active inference framework.
出版者	John Wiley and Sons Inc
収録物名	Psychophysiology
巻(号)	62(7)
ページ	e70113
刊行年月	2025-07-24
言語	英語
ハンドルURL	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/102753
PISSN	00485772
eISSN	14698986
関連情報 (isIdenticalTo)	DOI (出版社版) https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70113
アクセス権	open access
権利情報	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
出版タイプ	Version of Record
カテゴリ	学術雑誌論文 Journal Article

資源タイプ	学術雑誌論文
ローカル資源タイプ	学術雑誌論文
DCMI資源タイプ	text
DCTERMS.bibliographicCitation	Psychophysiology. 2025, 62(7), p. e70113
DC.title	Active Inference in Music Perception: Motor Engagement to Syncopation Modulates Rhythmic Prediction Error
DC.creator	Ishida, Kai
DC.creator	Nittono, Hiroshi
DC.publisher	John Wiley and Sons Inc
DC.language' scheme='DCTERMS.RFC1766	英語
DC.type' scheme='DCTERMS.DCMIType	text
DCTERMS.issued' scheme='DCTERMS.W3CDTF	2025-07-24
DC.identifier	https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70113
DC.subject	active inference
	free energy principle
	groove
	mismatch negativity
	predictive coding
	rhythm perception
	Shannon surprise
DC.description	Ishida K., Nittono H.. Active Inference in Music Perception: Motor Engagement to Syncopation Modulates Rhythmic Prediction Error. Psychophysiology 62, e70113 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70113.
DCTERMS.abstract	In active inference, the sensory surprisal (a log-probability of sensory data) of the prediction error between prediction and sensory input is modulated by action. The urge to move (groove) induced by syncopation, which provides metric uncertainty, can be considered a case of active inference in music perception. The present study investigated whether rhythmic prediction error is modulated by improving the precision of rhythm perception through tapping in sync with the rhythm. Thirty-five participants listened to a rhythmic sequence while tapping the half-note beat (tapping condition) or holding a pillow (no-tapping condition), and electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. In both conditions, the onset of the syncopated tone was rarely earlier (timing deviant: 20%) than the standard (80%). The timing deviant elicited mismatch negativity (MMN) in both the tapping and no-tapping conditions, reflecting a prediction error in timing. Moreover, the MMN was larger in the tapping condition than in the no-tapping condition, which may indicate increased precision due to tapping, even when motor-related potentials were controlled for. Neural entrainment was measured by calculating intertrial phase coherence (ITPC), which reflects oscillatory activity synchronized to stimulus frequency, and ITPC differed between the two conditions at beat-related frequencies. These results suggest that tapping enhanced meter and beat information and reduced the sensory surprisal of syncopation, resulting in a larger precision-weighted prediction error. These effects were not due to physiological arousal differences between conditions, as assessed by EEG power and heart rate variability. These results are discussed as evidence that bodily engagement modulates sensory prediction error within the active inference framework.
DC.rights	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
DC.format	102753
citation_title	Active Inference in Music Perception: Motor Engagement to Syncopation Modulates Rhythmic Prediction Error
citation_author	Ishida, Kai
citation_author	Nittono, Hiroshi
citation_publisher	John Wiley and Sons Inc
citation_language	英語
citation_date	2025-07-24
citation_journal_title	Psychophysiology
citation_volume	62
citation_issue	7
citation_firstpage	e70113
citation_doi	https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70113
citation_public_url	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/102753

Active Inference in Music Perception: Motor Engagement to Syncopation Modulates Rhythmic Prediction Error

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