Status and influencing factors of OTC medicine use for self-medication in cold and cough: a cross-sectional survey in Japan

Tian, Yu Shi; Mao, Xinhua; Zhou, Yi; Fukuzawa, Kaori; Ikeda, Kenji; Hatabu, Asuka

doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23113-4

Status and influencing factors of OTC medicine use for self-medication in cold and cough: a cross-sectional survey in Japan

Tian, Yu Shi; Mao, Xinhua; Zhou, Yi et al.

BMC Public Health, 2025, 25(1), 1918

アクセス数:20件（2025-12-08 22:26 集計）

固定URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11094/102902

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タイトル	Status and influencing factors of OTC medicine use for self-medication in cold and cough: a cross-sectional survey in Japan
著者	著者名 Tian, Yu Shi
	NRID 1000090506958 1000090506958 著者名 Mao, Xinhua
	NRID 1000050895448 1000050895448 著者名 Zhou, Yi
	NRID 1000050718244 1000050718244 ORCID 0000-0001-5357-8250 0000-0001-5357-8250 researchmap permalink kaori.fukuzawa kaori.fukuzawa Scopus Author ID 7102943294 7102943294 著者名 Fukuzawa, Kaori
	NRID 1000010434812 1000010434812 ORCID 0000-0001-8299-4464 0000-0001-8299-4464 researchmap permalink kenjiikeda kenjiikeda Scopus Author ID 55686755100 55686755100 著者名 Ikeda, Kenji
	NRID 1000040790895 1000040790895 ORCID 0000-0001-9886-1447 0000-0001-9886-1447 researchmap permalink hata_06 hata_06 Scopus Author ID 55634731300 55634731300 著者名 Hatabu, Asuka
キーワード等	Adherence
	Over-the-counter medicines
	Psychological factors
	Seeking healthcare
	Self-medication behaviors
内容	Tian Y.S., Mao X., Zhou Y., et al. Status and influencing factors of OTC medicine use for self-medication in cold and cough: a cross-sectional survey in Japan. BMC Public Health 25, 1918 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23113-4.
抄録	Background: Understanding the factors that influence the over-the-counter (OTC) medicine use can provide important information on guiding the proper use of OTC medicines and reducing national medical care expenditure. This study investigates the status of self-medication with OTC medicines for colds and coughs in Japan after COVID-19 pandemic and explores the associated factors. Methods: This study is an online cross-sectional survey conducted from April 25 to June 26, 2024. The status of self-medication behaviors against colds and coughs in Japan and covariates of social background and psychological scales were collected. Associations between them were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the robustness of the findings. Results: This study included 1,086 participants. 43.6% of the participants would take OTC medicines from the onset of colds and coughs. The proportion of seeking healthcare after symptoms lasted one week was 61.7%. Over 80% of the participants would strictly follow the usage instructions. Factors associated with seeking healthcare within one week included age, living area, education level, marital status, insurance type, having an underlying disease, regular doctor visits, and extraversion. When considering dosage adherence, the agreeableness trait was determined to be a positive factor, whereas having a child or children was a negative factor. For the awareness of expiration dates for OTC medicines, eHEALS, which indicated internet literacy for searching health-related information, was found to be a significant and robust positive factor. Conclusions: A high proportion of Japanese were found to use OTC medicines for colds and coughs. Most participants demonstrated a strong awareness of proper OTC use. To further promote OTC medicine, it is important to address the key factors found in this study.
出版者	BioMed Central Ltd
収録物名	BMC Public Health
巻(号)	25(1)
ページ	1918
刊行年月	2025-05-24
言語	英語
ハンドルURL	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/102902
eISSN	14712458
関連情報 (isIdenticalTo)	DOI (出版社版) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23113-4
アクセス権	open access
権利情報	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
出版タイプ	Version of Record
カテゴリ	学術雑誌論文 Journal Article

資源タイプ	学術雑誌論文
ローカル資源タイプ	学術雑誌論文
DCMI資源タイプ	text
DCTERMS.bibliographicCitation	BMC Public Health. 2025, 25(1), p. 1918
DC.title	Status and influencing factors of OTC medicine use for self-medication in cold and cough: a cross-sectional survey in Japan
DC.creator	Tian, Yu Shi
	Mao, Xinhua
	Zhou, Yi
	Fukuzawa, Kaori
	Ikeda, Kenji
	Hatabu, Asuka
DC.publisher	BioMed Central Ltd
DC.language' scheme='DCTERMS.RFC1766	英語
DC.type' scheme='DCTERMS.DCMIType	text
DCTERMS.issued' scheme='DCTERMS.W3CDTF	2025-05-24
DC.identifier	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23113-4
DC.subject	Adherence
	Over-the-counter medicines
	Psychological factors
	Seeking healthcare
	Self-medication behaviors
DC.description	Tian Y.S., Mao X., Zhou Y., et al. Status and influencing factors of OTC medicine use for self-medication in cold and cough: a cross-sectional survey in Japan. BMC Public Health 25, 1918 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23113-4.
DCTERMS.abstract	Background: Understanding the factors that influence the over-the-counter (OTC) medicine use can provide important information on guiding the proper use of OTC medicines and reducing national medical care expenditure. This study investigates the status of self-medication with OTC medicines for colds and coughs in Japan after COVID-19 pandemic and explores the associated factors. Methods: This study is an online cross-sectional survey conducted from April 25 to June 26, 2024. The status of self-medication behaviors against colds and coughs in Japan and covariates of social background and psychological scales were collected. Associations between them were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the robustness of the findings. Results: This study included 1,086 participants. 43.6% of the participants would take OTC medicines from the onset of colds and coughs. The proportion of seeking healthcare after symptoms lasted one week was 61.7%. Over 80% of the participants would strictly follow the usage instructions. Factors associated with seeking healthcare within one week included age, living area, education level, marital status, insurance type, having an underlying disease, regular doctor visits, and extraversion. When considering dosage adherence, the agreeableness trait was determined to be a positive factor, whereas having a child or children was a negative factor. For the awareness of expiration dates for OTC medicines, eHEALS, which indicated internet literacy for searching health-related information, was found to be a significant and robust positive factor. Conclusions: A high proportion of Japanese were found to use OTC medicines for colds and coughs. Most participants demonstrated a strong awareness of proper OTC use. To further promote OTC medicine, it is important to address the key factors found in this study.
DC.rights	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
DC.format	102902
citation_title	Status and influencing factors of OTC medicine use for self-medication in cold and cough: a cross-sectional survey in Japan
citation_author	Tian, Yu Shi
	Mao, Xinhua
	Zhou, Yi
	Fukuzawa, Kaori
	Ikeda, Kenji
	Hatabu, Asuka
citation_publisher	BioMed Central Ltd
citation_language	英語
citation_date	2025-05-24
citation_journal_title	BMC Public Health
citation_volume	25
citation_issue	1
citation_firstpage	1918
citation_doi	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23113-4
citation_public_url	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/102902

Status and influencing factors of OTC medicine use for self-medication in cold and cough: a cross-sectional survey in Japan

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