Expectations about forgiven versus rejected transgressors among preschoolers

Toda, Rizu; Toda, Nazu; Hagihara, Hiromichi; Kanakogi, Yasuhiro

doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101645

Expectations about forgiven versus rejected transgressors among preschoolers

Toda, Rizu; Toda, Nazu; Hagihara, Hiromichi et al.

Cognitive Development, 2025, 76, 101645

アクセス数:94件（2026-02-16 23:04 集計）

固定URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11094/103528

閲覧可能ファイル

ファイル	フォーマット	利用条件	サイズ	閲覧回数	利用開始日	説明	information
CognDev_76_101645	pdf	なし	2.67 MB	30	2025.12.26

Creative Commons : 表示

論文情報

ファイル出力 EndNote Basic出力 Mendeley出力

タイトル	Expectations about forgiven versus rejected transgressors among preschoolers
著者	ORCID 0000-0002-6505-2608 0000-0002-6505-2608 researchmap permalink rizu.toda rizu.toda Scopus Author ID 59253380400 59253380400 著者名 Toda, Rizu
	著者名 Toda, Nazu
	NRID 1000000907735 1000000907735 ORCID 0000-0003-3316-600X 0000-0003-3316-600X researchmap permalink hagiii hagiii Scopus Author ID 57191920922 57191920922 著者名 Hagihara, Hiromichi
	NRID 1000030742217 1000030742217 ORCID 0000-0003-0636-1619 0000-0003-0636-1619 researchmap permalink 7000008067 7000008067 Scopus Author ID 36102980500 36102980500 著者名 Kanakogi, Yasuhiro
キーワード等	Cooperative relationship
	Forgiveness
	Interpersonal relationship
	Moral understanding
	Preschoolers
	Prosocial behavior
内容	Toda R., Toda N., Hagihara H., et al. Expectations about forgiven versus rejected transgressors among preschoolers. Cognitive Development 76, 101645 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101645.
抄録	Forgiveness is indispensable for restoring damaged interpersonal relationships. Research suggests that young children develop an understanding of the emotional and behavioral effects of forgiveness on victims during their preschool years. However, it remains unclear how children expect forgiven versus rejected transgressors to feel and behave. This study evaluated preschoolers’ expectations about four aspects of forgiven and rejected transgressors, namely feelings of guilt and gratitude, repetition of transgression, and affiliative behavior. Four- to six-year-olds (n = 135, 62 boys) and adults (n = 45, 26 men, M = 25.8 years) in Japan answered questions related to stories about forgiven or rejected transgressors. While adults inferred guilt in both scenarios, children associated more guilty feelings with forgiveness than with rejection. All age groups expected increased gratitude in forgiven transgressors compared to rejected ones, with six-year-olds anticipating higher levels of gratitude than others. Adults expected forgiven (vs. rejected) transgressors to be less likely to repeat a transgression, whereas children did not differentiate between the two. Five- and six-year-olds and adults expected more affiliative behavior from forgiven transgressors than from rejected ones, while four-year-olds did not. These findings suggest that adult-like expectations about forgiven transgressors’ gratitude and affiliative behavior partly emerge at age four and develop throughout preschool years. However, expectations about forgiven a transgressor's guilty feelings and future transgressions may develop later. Together, these findings clarify how early expectations about forgiveness begin to take shape and lay the groundwork for understanding the developmental foundation of forgiveness.
出版者	Elsevier Ltd
収録物名	Cognitive Development
巻(号)	76
ページ	101645
刊行年月	2025-11-14
言語	英語
ハンドルURL	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/103528
PISSN	08852014
関連情報 (isIdenticalTo)	DOI (出版社版) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101645
アクセス権	open access
権利情報	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
出版タイプ	Version of Record
カテゴリ	学術雑誌論文 Journal Article

資源タイプ	学術雑誌論文
ローカル資源タイプ	学術雑誌論文
DCMI資源タイプ	text
DCTERMS.bibliographicCitation	Cognitive Development. 2025, 76, p. 101645
DC.title	Expectations about forgiven versus rejected transgressors among preschoolers
DC.creator	Toda, Rizu
	Toda, Nazu
	Hagihara, Hiromichi
	Kanakogi, Yasuhiro
DC.publisher	Elsevier Ltd
DC.language' scheme='DCTERMS.RFC1766	英語
DC.type' scheme='DCTERMS.DCMIType	text
DCTERMS.issued' scheme='DCTERMS.W3CDTF	2025-11-14
DC.identifier	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101645
DC.subject	Cooperative relationship
	Forgiveness
	Interpersonal relationship
	Moral understanding
	Preschoolers
	Prosocial behavior
DC.description	Toda R., Toda N., Hagihara H., et al. Expectations about forgiven versus rejected transgressors among preschoolers. Cognitive Development 76, 101645 (2025); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101645.
DCTERMS.abstract	Forgiveness is indispensable for restoring damaged interpersonal relationships. Research suggests that young children develop an understanding of the emotional and behavioral effects of forgiveness on victims during their preschool years. However, it remains unclear how children expect forgiven versus rejected transgressors to feel and behave. This study evaluated preschoolers’ expectations about four aspects of forgiven and rejected transgressors, namely feelings of guilt and gratitude, repetition of transgression, and affiliative behavior. Four- to six-year-olds (n = 135, 62 boys) and adults (n = 45, 26 men, M = 25.8 years) in Japan answered questions related to stories about forgiven or rejected transgressors. While adults inferred guilt in both scenarios, children associated more guilty feelings with forgiveness than with rejection. All age groups expected increased gratitude in forgiven transgressors compared to rejected ones, with six-year-olds anticipating higher levels of gratitude than others. Adults expected forgiven (vs. rejected) transgressors to be less likely to repeat a transgression, whereas children did not differentiate between the two. Five- and six-year-olds and adults expected more affiliative behavior from forgiven transgressors than from rejected ones, while four-year-olds did not. These findings suggest that adult-like expectations about forgiven transgressors’ gratitude and affiliative behavior partly emerge at age four and develop throughout preschool years. However, expectations about forgiven a transgressor's guilty feelings and future transgressions may develop later. Together, these findings clarify how early expectations about forgiveness begin to take shape and lay the groundwork for understanding the developmental foundation of forgiveness.
DC.rights	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
DC.format	103528
citation_title	Expectations about forgiven versus rejected transgressors among preschoolers
citation_author	Toda, Rizu
	Toda, Nazu
	Hagihara, Hiromichi
	Kanakogi, Yasuhiro
citation_publisher	Elsevier Ltd
citation_language	英語
citation_date	2025-11-14
citation_journal_title	Cognitive Development
citation_volume	76
citation_firstpage	101645
citation_doi	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101645
citation_public_url	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/103528

Expectations about forgiven versus rejected transgressors among preschoolers

閲覧可能ファイル

論文情報

論文詳細を表示