Oral SARS-CoV-2 inoculation leads to distinct viral distribution compared to nasal inoculation in a Syrian hamster model

Gojo, Nao; Usami, Yu; Hirose, Katsutoshi; Toyosawa, Satoru; Shichinohe, Shintaro; Watanabe, Tokiko; Ono, Chikako; Inoue, Tsuyoshi; Sakai, Takayoshi

doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.job.2026.100746

Oral SARS-CoV-2 inoculation leads to distinct viral distribution compared to nasal inoculation in a Syrian hamster model

Gojo, Nao; Usami, Yu; Hirose, Katsutoshi et al.

Journal of oral biosciences, 2026, 68(1), 100746

アクセス数:84件（2026-05-16 09:02 集計）

固定URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11094/104032

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タイトル	Oral SARS-CoV-2 inoculation leads to distinct viral distribution compared to nasal inoculation in a Syrian hamster model
著者	ORCID 0000-0003-4241-0676 0000-0003-4241-0676 Scopus Author ID 57214335076 57214335076 著者名 Gojo, Nao
	NRID 1000080444579 1000080444579 ORCID 0000-0003-4816-2132 0000-0003-4816-2132 researchmap permalink yuusami yuusami Scopus Author ID 55263165500 55263165500 著者名 Usami, Yu
	NRID 1000000824898 1000000824898 ORCID 0000-0003-4148-1106 0000-0003-4148-1106 researchmap permalink -hirose -hirose Scopus Author ID 57190276392 57190276392 著者名 Hirose, Katsutoshi
	NRID 1000030243249 1000030243249 ORCID 0000-0002-0338-0251 0000-0002-0338-0251 researchmap permalink osteobone0729 osteobone0729 Scopus Author ID 7003411866 7003411866 著者名 Toyosawa, Satoru
	NRID 1000080737148 1000080737148 ORCID 0000-0002-8783-2103 0000-0002-8783-2103 researchmap permalink shichi_ shichi_ Scopus Author ID 54993583800 54993583800 著者名 Shichinohe, Shintaro
	NRID 1000060557479 1000060557479 ORCID 0000-0001-6461-5379 0000-0001-6461-5379 researchmap permalink toki_watanabe toki_watanabe Scopus Author ID 8926021900 8926021900 著者名 Watanabe, Tokiko
	NRID 1000030626437 1000030626437 researchmap permalink ChikakoOno ChikakoOno Scopus Author ID 54990934700 54990934700 著者名 Ono, Chikako
	NRID 1000020263204 1000020263204 ORCID 0000-0001-5337-5066 0000-0001-5337-5066 researchmap permalink read0185256 read0185256 Scopus Author ID 7501390753 7501390753 著者名 Inoue, Tsuyoshi
	NRID 1000090379082 1000090379082 ORCID 0000-0003-4348-4896 0000-0003-4348-4896 researchmap permalink read0210126 read0210126 Scopus Author ID 55177911100 55177911100 著者名 Sakai, Takayoshi
キーワード等	Animal model
	COVID19
	Infection
	Salivary gland
	SARS-CoV-2
内容	Gojo N., Usami Y., Hirose K., et al. Oral SARS-CoV-2 inoculation leads to distinct viral distribution compared to nasal inoculation in a Syrian hamster model. Journal of oral biosciences 68, 100746 (2026); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.job.2026.100746.
抄録	OBJECTIVES: The nose and mouth are the primary entry points for upper respiratory severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; however, the influence of different entry routes on viral spread remains unclear. Oral and nasal infection routes in terms of viral distribution and presence of inflammation were compared. METHODS: Syrian hamsters were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 via three routes: nasal inoculation (NI), simulating conventional upper respiratory infection; lingual (supra-lingual) inoculation (LI), simulating exposure during speaking and eating; and sublingual inoculation (SI), simulating exposure to the salivary glands. After three days, the lungs, submandibular glands, nasal turbinates, liver, and brain were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. To assess direct access to the lungs, India ink was administered via each route and analyzed after tissue clearing. RESULTS: NI resulted in infection in the nasal olfactory sensory epithelium of the nasal cavity and in the lungs. India ink studies suggest that the virus is likely to have infected the nasal mucosa first, followed by secondary infection of the lungs. LI resulted in marked infection of the submandibular glands with vascular involvement. In the LI and SI groups, no viral antigen was detected in the lungs; however, there was inflammation of the lungs, suggesting cytokine-mediated effects. CONCLUSION: Different upper respiratory entry routes produced distinct pathological patterns. While nasal infection is well recognized, our findings indicate that salivary gland infection via SI may suggest an alternative pathway for systemic viral dissemination.
出版者	Elsevier B.V.
収録物名	Journal of oral biosciences
巻(号)	68(1)
ページ	100746
刊行年月	2026-02-01
言語	英語
ハンドルURL	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/104032
eISSN	18803865
関連情報 (isIdenticalTo)	DOI (出版社版) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.job.2026.100746
アクセス権	open access
権利情報	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
出版タイプ	Version of Record
カテゴリ	学術雑誌論文 Journal Article

資源タイプ	学術雑誌論文
ローカル資源タイプ	学術雑誌論文
DCMI資源タイプ	text
DCTERMS.bibliographicCitation	Journal of oral biosciences. 2026, 68(1), p. 100746
DC.title	Oral SARS-CoV-2 inoculation leads to distinct viral distribution compared to nasal inoculation in a Syrian hamster model
DC.creator	Gojo, Nao
	Usami, Yu
	Hirose, Katsutoshi
	Toyosawa, Satoru
	Shichinohe, Shintaro
	Watanabe, Tokiko
	Ono, Chikako
	Inoue, Tsuyoshi
	Sakai, Takayoshi
DC.publisher	Elsevier B.V.
DC.language' scheme='DCTERMS.RFC1766	英語
DC.type' scheme='DCTERMS.DCMIType	text
DCTERMS.issued' scheme='DCTERMS.W3CDTF	2026-02-01
DC.identifier	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.job.2026.100746
DC.subject	Animal model
	COVID19
	Infection
	Salivary gland
	SARS-CoV-2
DC.description	Gojo N., Usami Y., Hirose K., et al. Oral SARS-CoV-2 inoculation leads to distinct viral distribution compared to nasal inoculation in a Syrian hamster model. Journal of oral biosciences 68, 100746 (2026); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.job.2026.100746.
DCTERMS.abstract	OBJECTIVES: The nose and mouth are the primary entry points for upper respiratory severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; however, the influence of different entry routes on viral spread remains unclear. Oral and nasal infection routes in terms of viral distribution and presence of inflammation were compared. METHODS: Syrian hamsters were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 via three routes: nasal inoculation (NI), simulating conventional upper respiratory infection; lingual (supra-lingual) inoculation (LI), simulating exposure during speaking and eating; and sublingual inoculation (SI), simulating exposure to the salivary glands. After three days, the lungs, submandibular glands, nasal turbinates, liver, and brain were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. To assess direct access to the lungs, India ink was administered via each route and analyzed after tissue clearing. RESULTS: NI resulted in infection in the nasal olfactory sensory epithelium of the nasal cavity and in the lungs. India ink studies suggest that the virus is likely to have infected the nasal mucosa first, followed by secondary infection of the lungs. LI resulted in marked infection of the submandibular glands with vascular involvement. In the LI and SI groups, no viral antigen was detected in the lungs; however, there was inflammation of the lungs, suggesting cytokine-mediated effects. CONCLUSION: Different upper respiratory entry routes produced distinct pathological patterns. While nasal infection is well recognized, our findings indicate that salivary gland infection via SI may suggest an alternative pathway for systemic viral dissemination.
DC.rights	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
DC.format	104032
citation_title	Oral SARS-CoV-2 inoculation leads to distinct viral distribution compared to nasal inoculation in a Syrian hamster model
citation_author	Gojo, Nao
	Usami, Yu
	Hirose, Katsutoshi
	Toyosawa, Satoru
	Shichinohe, Shintaro
	Watanabe, Tokiko
	Ono, Chikako
	Inoue, Tsuyoshi
	Sakai, Takayoshi
citation_publisher	Elsevier B.V.
citation_language	英語
citation_date	2026-02-01
citation_journal_title	Journal of oral biosciences
citation_volume	68
citation_issue	1
citation_firstpage	100746
citation_doi	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.job.2026.100746
citation_public_url	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/104032

Oral SARS-CoV-2 inoculation leads to distinct viral distribution compared to nasal inoculation in a Syrian hamster model

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