Concepts of Person and Self in Anthropological Work

ジンルイガク ケンキュウ ニオケル ジンカク ト ジコ

ナカガワ, オサム

Nakagawa, Osamu

オオサカ ダイガク ニンゲン カガクブ シャカイガク ニンゲンガク ジンルイガク ケンキュウシツ

英語

自己

経験

エージェンシー

アンチパーソナリスト・アプローチ

person

self

experience

agency

antipersonalist approach

This paper examines the theories of personhood in anthropological writings . Especially, we focus on a pair of notions that are person and self. These two notions have given and continue to give a framework necessary to make diverse ethnographical studies intelligible. We try to ferret out this discursive framework and to find out actual possibility of anthropological study of person and self. The author submits three phases in the development of theory as a trial, to grasp clearly the points at issue. (1) The "dual model" which opposes social person to psychological self vs. Michelle Rosaldo's critique which claims that this analytic framework is not universally applicable. (2) The interpretive approach to personhood by Geertz and Rosaldo vs. the critique against it, which argues that they in fact describe the normative cultural conception, not the experience of the self by natives. But this critique is revealed to re-introduce newly-fashioned "dual model". (3) The enterprises that try to seize selfhood as a chronically unstable productivity and to analyze cultural processes in which the responsible agency is attributed. This critical approach remains to be experimental. However, it is remarkable as an attempt to overcome both West-and-the-rest dichotomy and the essentialism of inner self.

英語