Michel Foucault's Theme of "Subjectivation"

M フーコー ニオケル シュタイカ ノ シュダイ

アイザワ, サトシ

Aizawa, Satoshi

オオサカ ダイガク ニンゲン カガクブ シャカイガク ニンゲンガク ジンルイガク ケンキュウシツ

英語

特異な思考の前提

個人のく内なる>諸力

道徳的主体化の様式

普遍的規範

Subjectivation

peculiar philosophical postulates

forces within an individual

the form of moral subjectivation

universal rules

It is generally known that Michel Foucault problematizes the process by which an individual is constituted as a subject in certain relationships, namely "subjectivation". But why does Foucault choose the term "subjectivation" instead of "subject"? In the forepart of this paper, I shall clarify Foucault's peculiar philosophical postulates which require him to treat subjectivity as a sort of construct. First, I emphasize his postulate that an attribute of the subject is the effect of a historical configuration of practices. Then I point out another one of his postulations: that there are various forces within an individual, therefore the individual itself is always already a political thing which ought to be governed. In the later part, based on discussions of the previous part, I shall explore significant implications of the conception of "forms of moral subjectivation" in his last two books. Important points are as follows: (1) Foucault criticizes the conventional belief that only being subject to universal rules made moral subjectivity, (2) he suggests that the high appraisal of universal rules in Western philosophy itself was derived from the transformation of the form of moral subjectivation in Western history.

英語