Brasíia : The Utopia and Urban Poverｔy

ユートピア　ト　ヨバレタ　トシ　ブラジリアン　ト　トシ　ヒンコンソウ

オクダ, ワカナ

Okuda, Wakana

オオサカ ダイガク ダイガクイン ニンゲン カガク ケンキュウカ シャカイガク ニンゲンガク ジンルイガク ケンキュウシツ

Sociology, Anthropology and Philosophy, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University

ブラジリア

計画都市

不法占拠地

都市貧困層

Utopia

Brasília

Planned City

Squatting

Urban Poverty

Since the publication in the 15th century of Thomas More's fantastic travelogue, Utopia, it's story has been reproduced over and over. Why do most of the utopian cities designed by utopian idealists ended in a utopia (illusion)? This paper discusses the limits of the utopian city imagined by the utopian idealists as it compares it to the changes in Brasilia, the city laid out in the 1960s, which has often been called a Utopia. It should be noted that the utopian city is usually depicted, not from the point of view of the residents, but from the visitor's point of view. The visitor's point of view enjoys a transcendent quality, that is, the ability to see the city in it's entirety from above. The residents' voices cannot be heard in the accounts written by utopian idealists. From it's beginning, the city has been not only a place for residents to go about their daily lives, but also a space overflowing with heterogeneous and anonymous sound. One of the limits to the realization of Utopia is that it was designed completely separately from the society as a whole. Even if it were possible to build a "City without A Past", a city with no history, it would be impossible to remain isolated from the various influences of the society. At the same time as Brasilia takes on a history of its own, as it becomes a place of practical and every day life, built by an extant society, this city's utopian nature has vanished.