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2021-01-20
04:19 集計
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このアイテムへのリンクには次のURLをご利用ください:http://hdl.handle.net/11094/26427
論文情報
タイトル
Urban laboring poor against Infant Mortality at Osaka city of the early 20th century : Who saved babies?
著者
Higami, Emiko
Higami, Emiko
Hanashima, Makoto
Hanashima, Makoto
Tomobe, Kenichi
Tomobe, Kenichi
キーワード等
Infant Mortality Rate(IMR)
Breast-feeding
α-index
diarrhea
visiting nurses
抄録
The average infant mortality rate (IMR) was 155.4 in rural areas in Japan, and IMR in Osaka city was 231.6 during 1906 to 1910. The outstanding level of IMR in Osaka city might have been influenced by somewhat negative urban factors, which we can call the “urban penalty.” Dr. Hiroshi Maruyama discovered the α-index in 1938. The α-index represents infant mortality number divided by neonatal mortality number. After all, Maruyama set one month after birth as a boundary to divide endogenous and exogenous. The α-index shows a qualitative measure of infant mortality. Post neonatal mortality was increased due to acquired diseases such as diarrhea, pneumonia and beriberi. This shows that the effect of the urban penalty was raising the α-index . The α-index of the industrial zones shows that bad maternal conditions affected endogenous factors. Most mothers suffered from a deficiency of breastfeeding capability. The first reason was anemia. The second reason was mothers’ ignorance about breastfeeding. The third reason was mother’s illnesses. They had to rely on bottlefeeding without any knowledge to handle artificial milk. Those babies often died from diarrhea or pneumonia.
公開者
Graduate School of Economics and Osaka School of International Public Policy (OSIPP) Osaka University
掲載誌名
Discussion Papers In Economics And Business
巻
13-30
開始ページ
1
終了ページ
16
刊行年月
2013-11
URL
http://hdl.handle.net/11094/26427
関連情報 (references)
http://www2.econ.osaka-u.ac.jp/library/global/dp/1330.pdf
言語
英語
カテゴリ
ディスカッション/ワーキング・ペーパー DP/WP
論文詳細を表示
著者版フラグ
none
NII資源タイプ
テクニカルレポート
ローカル資源タイプ
ディスカッション/ワーキング・ペーパー
dcmi資源タイプ
text
DCTERMS.bibliographicCitation
Discussion Papers In Economics And Business.13-30 P.1-P.16
DC.title
Urban laboring poor against Infant Mortality at Osaka city of the early 20th century : Who saved babies?
DC.creator
Higami, Emiko
Hanashima, Makoto
Tomobe, Kenichi
DC.publisher
Graduate School of Economics and Osaka School of International Public Policy (OSIPP) Osaka University
DC.language" scheme="DCTERMS.RFC1766
英語
DCTERMS.issued" scheme="DCTERMS.W3CDTF
2013-11
DC.identifier" scheme="DCTERMS.URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11094/26427
DC.subject
Infant Mortality Rate(IMR)
Breast-feeding
α-index
diarrhea
visiting nurses
DCTERMS.abstract
The average infant mortality rate (IMR) was 155.4 in rural areas in Japan, and IMR in Osaka city was 231.6 during 1906 to 1910. The outstanding level of IMR in Osaka city might have been influenced by somewhat negative urban factors, which we can call the “urban penalty.” Dr. Hiroshi Maruyama discovered the α-index in 1938. The α-index represents infant mortality number divided by neonatal mortality number. After all, Maruyama set one month after birth as a boundary to divide endogenous and exogenous. The α-index shows a qualitative measure of infant mortality. Post neonatal mortality was increased due to acquired diseases such as diarrhea, pneumonia and beriberi. This shows that the effect of the urban penalty was raising the α-index . The α-index of the industrial zones shows that bad maternal conditions affected endogenous factors. Most mothers suffered from a deficiency of breastfeeding capability. The first reason was anemia. The second reason was mothers’ ignorance about breastfeeding. The third reason was mother’s illnesses. They had to rely on bottlefeeding without any knowledge to handle artificial milk. Those babies often died from diarrhea or pneumonia.
citation_title
Urban laboring poor against Infant Mortality at Osaka city of the early 20th century : Who saved babies?
citation_author
Higami, Emiko
Hanashima, Makoto
Tomobe, Kenichi
citation_publisher
Graduate School of Economics and Osaka School of International Public Policy (OSIPP) Osaka University
citation_language
英語
citation_date
2013-11
citation_journal_title
Discussion Papers In Economics And Business
citation_volume
13-30
citation_firstpage
1
citation_lastpage
16
citation_public_url
http://hdl.handle.net/11094/26427
citation_keywords
Infant Mortality Rate(IMR)
Breast-feeding
α-index
diarrhea
visiting nurses