PUSHKIN'S PERSPECTIVE ON NATIONAL TRAITS : On the Background of Russian Romantic Literature in the First Half of the 19th Century

プーシキン ノ ミンゾクセイ リカイ ニツイテ 19セイキ ショトウ ロシア ノ ロマン シュギ ブンガク オ ハイケイニ

ゴトウ, マサノリ

Gotho, Masanori

オオサカ ダイガク ニンゲン カガクブ シャカイガク ニンゲンガク ジンルイガク ケンキュウシツ

英語

ロシア

ロマン主義文学

民族性

デカブリスト

Pushkin

Russia

Romantic literature

national traits

Dekabrist

In the first half of the 19th century, while Western European philosophy of the Enlightenment and Romantic literature streamed into Russia, the Russian intelligentsia sympathized with the people who had suffered from tyranny of the czar and farm-slavery, and appealed through their literature for human liberty. Reading the works of poets and critics of those days, we can notice that they were very interested in the originality of nations. Such an 'originality' spoke to the particular geopolitical and historical situation Russia found itself in, as well as Western European-formed ideas of Enlightenment and Romanticism. In this paper, I will give careful consideration to the perspective of national trains which were discussed in detail in literary circles of the day, focusing especially on Pushkin. I will argue that 1) they had a general disposition toward national traits regarding both East and West; 2) they appealed to an 'ideal orientation' concerning national traits in literature , as opposed to material factors; 3) their understanding of national traits depended upon both ethnic and popular considerations. As I will show, literary works, which spoke to national traits, were left as masterpieces of art, and remained even after things become turbulent. They have continued as original texts to be interpreted according to requirements of the times. The problems I will delineate in this paper should be considered in connection with the thereafter problems concerning nationality in Russia and in the Soviet Union.

英語