An ontological analysis of the relationship between a mother and her child

Nakayama, Yasuo

doi:https://doi.org/10.18910/60589

アクセス数:176件（2024-04-20 03:38 集計）

固定URL: https://doi.org/10.18910/60589

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タイトル	An ontological analysis of the relationship between a mother and her child
著者	NRID 1000060237477 1000060237477 著者名 Nakayama, Yasuo
キーワード等	mother and child
	ontology
	system
	evolutionary strategy
	species
抄録	From an ontological viewpoint, the relationship between a mother and her child is especially interesting. During a pregnancy, the mother and her child are spatially continuous. After the birth, a separation process between them begins. This process is temporally seamless and coincides with the individuation process of the child. To analyze this separation process, we use an ontological framework, i.e., Four-Dimensional Mereology described in Nakayama (2009, in Japanese). Vertebrate animals take different strategies in order to preserve their own species. Fishes produce a huge amount of offspring, but only some of them become mature. In contrast, mammals produce only a small number of children and bring them up very carefully, so that the survival rate becomes high. For this reason, the mother-child-relationship is especially strong for mammals. As examples of mammals, we describe child rearing of kangaroos and Japanese macaques. We introduce, then, a concept of system and analyze the relationship among a mother system (SM), a child system (SC), and a mother-child system (SM+C). For humans, beside the biological process of individuation, we should take a psychological and a social process of individuation into consideration. The biological individuation starts with the birth of a child. However, the psychological and the social individuation take a long time before they are completed. We also discuss death of a child. In a mother-child system, survival of the child is one of its goals. So, the mother continues to perform actions in order to achieve this goal. Thus, when a child dies, the mother-child system totally collapses and the mother loses one of her goals of life. The discussions in this paper show that it is not appropriate to treat humans as isolated beings. They are often involved in systematic interactions among them. Sometimes, their behaviors can be properly explained by interpreting them as components of one system.
出版者	Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University
収録物名	Osaka Human Sciences
巻(号)	3
ページ	83-97
刊行年月	2017-03
言語	英語
ハンドルURL	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/60589
DOI	https://doi.org/10.18910/60589
NCID	AA12727839
アクセス権	open access
出版タイプ	Version of Record
カテゴリ	紀要論文 Departmental Bulletin Paper
カテゴリ	Osaka Human Sciences / Vol.3

資源タイプ	紀要論文
ローカル資源タイプ	紀要論文
DCMI資源タイプ	text
DCTERMS.bibliographicCitation	Osaka Human Sciences. 2017, 3, p. 83-97
DC.title	An ontological analysis of the relationship between a mother and her child
DC.creator	Nakayama, Yasuo
DC.publisher	Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University
DC.language' scheme='DCTERMS.RFC1766	英語
DC.type' scheme='DCTERMS.DCMIType	text
DCTERMS.issued' scheme='DCTERMS.W3CDTF	2017-03
DC.subject	mother and child
	ontology
	system
	evolutionary strategy
	species
DCTERMS.abstract	From an ontological viewpoint, the relationship between a mother and her child is especially interesting. During a pregnancy, the mother and her child are spatially continuous. After the birth, a separation process between them begins. This process is temporally seamless and coincides with the individuation process of the child. To analyze this separation process, we use an ontological framework, i.e., Four-Dimensional Mereology described in Nakayama (2009, in Japanese). Vertebrate animals take different strategies in order to preserve their own species. Fishes produce a huge amount of offspring, but only some of them become mature. In contrast, mammals produce only a small number of children and bring them up very carefully, so that the survival rate becomes high. For this reason, the mother-child-relationship is especially strong for mammals. As examples of mammals, we describe child rearing of kangaroos and Japanese macaques. We introduce, then, a concept of system and analyze the relationship among a mother system (SM), a child system (SC), and a mother-child system (SM+C). For humans, beside the biological process of individuation, we should take a psychological and a social process of individuation into consideration. The biological individuation starts with the birth of a child. However, the psychological and the social individuation take a long time before they are completed. We also discuss death of a child. In a mother-child system, survival of the child is one of its goals. So, the mother continues to perform actions in order to achieve this goal. Thus, when a child dies, the mother-child system totally collapses and the mother loses one of her goals of life. The discussions in this paper show that it is not appropriate to treat humans as isolated beings. They are often involved in systematic interactions among them. Sometimes, their behaviors can be properly explained by interpreting them as components of one system.
DC.identifier	10.18910/60589
DC.format	application/pdf
citation_title	An ontological analysis of the relationship between a mother and her child
citation_author	Nakayama, Yasuo
citation_publisher	Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University
citation_language	英語
citation_date	2017-03
citation_journal_title	Osaka Human Sciences
citation_volume	3
citation_firstpage	83
citation_lastpage	97
citation_public_url	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/60589
citation_doi_detail	10.18910/60589
citation_doi	https://doi.org/10.18910/60589

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