話し手の意味は話し手の心理といかに関係しているのか？

三木, 那由他

話し手の意味は話し手の心理といかに関係しているのか？

三木, 那由他

待兼山論叢. 哲学篇, 2018, 52, 19-35

アクセス数:811件（2026-11-11 02:13 集計）

固定URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11094/76061

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タイトル	話し手の意味は話し手の心理といかに関係しているのか？
	Speaker Meaning and Speaker’s Mind
	ハナシテ　ノ　イミ　ハ　ハナシテ　ノ　シンリ　ト　イカ　ニ　カンケイ　シテイル　ノ　カ
著者	NRID 1000040727088 1000040727088 researchmap permalink nayutamiki nayutamiki 著者名三木, 那由他 ; Miki, Nayuta
キーワード等	話し手の意味
	意図基盤意味論
	集合的信念
	言語哲学
	社会存在論
抄録	When a speaker means something by an utterance and the hearer understands it, it generally follows that the latter can iterate an opinion about the former’s mind. Suppose the speaker means that it will rain; the hearer can then seemingly attribute to the speaker the belief that it will rain. Based on this perception, the hearer can predict the speaker’s future acts and can explain steps taken previously. I call this phenomenon “the psychological aspect of speaker meaning.” In attempting to analyze the notion of “speaker meaning,” one must account for this occurrence. The paradigm of speaker meaning is intention-based semantics, according to which, the words “speaker meaning” should be analyzed in terms of speaker’s intention behind the utterance. This view draws on the notion of intention and thus, ultimately, seems to yield an account of the psychological aspect of speaker meaning without much difficulty, appealing to some assumptions that connect intention and belief. Intention-based semantics, however, is problematic in other respects, and because of these difficulties, we have a good reason to advocate an approach that appeals to the notion of collective mental states. However, the latter methodology finds it difficult to explain the psychological aspect of speaker meaning because, according to Gilbert (1987), collective mental states and corresponding personal psychological states are not necessarily associated. This paper attempts to defend the collective mental states approach. First, belief attribution does not necessarily happen in all incidences of the psychological aspect of speaker meaning. The phenomenon may be derived from an antecedent action prediction/explanation, and not vice versa. It also demonstrates that the action prediction/explanation, effected by the hearer after understanding what the speaker means, can be explained in normative terms. Forming a collective mental state implies a certain normative consequence for relevant parties. Such normativity provides a sufficient account of action prediction/explanation without appealing to a speaker’s personal belief.
出版者	大阪大学大学院文学研究科
	オオサカダイガクダイガクインブンガクケンキュウカ
	Graduate School of Letters, Osaka University
収録物名	待兼山論叢. 哲学篇
収録物名	Machikaneyama ronso. Philosophy
巻(号)	52
ページ	19-35
刊行年月	2018-12-25
言語	日本語
ハンドルURL	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/76061
PISSN	03874818
NCID	AN00232331
アクセス権	open access
出版タイプ	Version of Record
カテゴリ	紀要論文 Departmental Bulletin Paper
カテゴリ	待兼山論叢　哲学篇 / 第52号

資源タイプ	紀要論文
ローカル資源タイプ	紀要論文
DCMI資源タイプ	text
DCTERMS.bibliographicCitation	待兼山論叢. 哲学篇. 2018, 52, p. 19-35
DC.title	話し手の意味は話し手の心理といかに関係しているのか？
	Speaker Meaning and Speaker’s Mind
	ハナシテ　ノ　イミ　ハ　ハナシテ　ノ　シンリ　ト　イカ　ニ　カンケイ　シテイル　ノ　カ
DC.creator	三木, 那由他
DC.creator	Miki, Nayuta
DC.publisher	大阪大学大学院文学研究科
	オオサカダイガクダイガクインブンガクケンキュウカ
	Graduate School of Letters, Osaka University
DC.language' scheme='DCTERMS.RFC1766	日本語
DC.type' scheme='DCTERMS.DCMIType	text
DCTERMS.issued' scheme='DCTERMS.W3CDTF	2018-12-25
DC.subject	話し手の意味
	意図基盤意味論
	集合的信念
	言語哲学
	社会存在論
DCTERMS.abstract	When a speaker means something by an utterance and the hearer understands it, it generally follows that the latter can iterate an opinion about the former’s mind. Suppose the speaker means that it will rain; the hearer can then seemingly attribute to the speaker the belief that it will rain. Based on this perception, the hearer can predict the speaker’s future acts and can explain steps taken previously. I call this phenomenon “the psychological aspect of speaker meaning.” In attempting to analyze the notion of “speaker meaning,” one must account for this occurrence. The paradigm of speaker meaning is intention-based semantics, according to which, the words “speaker meaning” should be analyzed in terms of speaker’s intention behind the utterance. This view draws on the notion of intention and thus, ultimately, seems to yield an account of the psychological aspect of speaker meaning without much difficulty, appealing to some assumptions that connect intention and belief. Intention-based semantics, however, is problematic in other respects, and because of these difficulties, we have a good reason to advocate an approach that appeals to the notion of collective mental states. However, the latter methodology finds it difficult to explain the psychological aspect of speaker meaning because, according to Gilbert (1987), collective mental states and corresponding personal psychological states are not necessarily associated. This paper attempts to defend the collective mental states approach. First, belief attribution does not necessarily happen in all incidences of the psychological aspect of speaker meaning. The phenomenon may be derived from an antecedent action prediction/explanation, and not vice versa. It also demonstrates that the action prediction/explanation, effected by the hearer after understanding what the speaker means, can be explained in normative terms. Forming a collective mental state implies a certain normative consequence for relevant parties. Such normativity provides a sufficient account of action prediction/explanation without appealing to a speaker’s personal belief.
DC.format	76061
citation_title	話し手の意味は話し手の心理といかに関係しているのか？
citation_author	三木, 那由他
citation_publisher	大阪大学大学院文学研究科
citation_language	日本語
citation_date	2018-12-25
citation_journal_title	待兼山論叢. 哲学篇
citation_volume	52
citation_firstpage	19
citation_lastpage	35
citation_public_url	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/76061

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