From "There Should Not Be" to "There Must Be" Night Junior High Schools: The History of the Legal System and Future Challenges

ヤカン　チュウガク　ノ　アッテハナラナイ　カラ　ナクテハナラナイ　ヘ　ホウセイドカ　ヘノ　ケイイ　ト　コンゴ　ノ　カダイ

エノイ, ユカリ

Enoi, Yukari

オオサカ　ダイガク　ニンゲン　カガク　ケンキュウカ　フゾク　ミライ　キョウソウ　センター

夜間中学

教育機会確保法

日本語教育

教育のセーフティー・ネット

Compulsory Education System

Night Junior High Schools

Educational Opportunity Act

Japanese Language Education

Educational Safety Net

Research Article

論文

With the establishment of the compulsory education system, Japan's modern school education system, night junior high schools were formed mainly by school teachers as a temporary place to help children who were not included in the system for economic and social reasons. In the late 1960s, the school was redefined as a school that restored the "right to education" to various people who had not been guaranteed compulsory education, and began to enroll repatriates, Koreans living in Japan, people with disabilities, and immigrants and refugees. The night junior high school was supported by the All Night Junior High School Association, an organization of teachers, students, and others involved in the school field, who have been calling for the institutionalization of the system for 50 years. With the encouragement of the Japan Federation of Bar Associations, the Law for Securing Educational Opportunities was passed in 2016, which aims to expand night junior high schools, while the government is likely to require night junior high schools to address the issues of foreign workers, truancy, and withdrawal from school, which the government seems unable to address. It remains to be seen how the autonomy of night junior high schools, which have been confronting the school education system, will be preserved in the legalization process.