紀要論文

紀要論文

text

間谷論集. 2019, 13, p. 113-136

日本語

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2019-03-31

The aim of this article is to attempt to answer why passive sentences are employed more frequently in Japanese than in Chinese. This research is based on colloquial dialogues in Chinese TV dramas and movies with Japanese dubbing. The analysis of the frequency of passive sentences in both Japanese dubbing and the Chinese original versions showed that Japanese passive sentences are used 3.8 times more often than Chinese passive sentences. Furthermore, the survey revealed that 52.3% of passive sentences in Japanese dubbing are translated from active sentences of the original Chinese. The author proposes that the reason for the different ratio of passive sentences in the two languages is due to two important concepts in Japanese passive sentences, which the author calls "Conditional Perspective" and "Neutral Description". The "Conditional Perspective" can be divided into two subfactors, which are the "Personal Perspective" and the "Fixed Perspective". In Japanese the former is applied when the speaker describes an event involving a person or thing belonging to the speaker's "personal domain". In this case, the person or thing in question has to be expressed as the subject of the sentence, whether it is the agent or the recipient of an event. As for the latter subfactor, the subject has to remain the same unless there is a specific reason. The "Conditional Perspectives" on the other hand doesn't exist in Chinese. Therefore, even if a person or thing belonging to the speaker's "outer domain" is the agent of an event, an active sentence is generally used. In addition, in Chinese the subject does not have to be continuously the same. In consequence, by converting active Chinese sentences into passive Japanese phrases, the discordance between the target of empathy and its position n the sentence or discourse can be avoided. As for the "Neutral Description", the author found that passive sentences in Japanese are used in many circumstances ranging from influenced descriptions to neutral ones. Chinese "bei''constructions, however, always have a certain connotation of damage, thus making it difficult to express neutral events.

10.18910/89861

89861

なぜ日本語の受身文は中国語より多く使われるのか：中日対訳の話し言葉に注目して

陳, 冬妹

大阪大学日本語日本文化教育センター

日本語

2019-03-31

間谷論集

13

113

136

https://hdl.handle.net/11094/89861

10.18910/89861

https://doi.org/10.18910/89861