“Encouraging Retirement” Focused on Female Teachers and Occupation of Managerial Position by Male Teachers : A Case of Oita Prefecture up to the 1980s

ジョセイ　キョウイン　ニ　シュウチュウ　シタ　タイショク　カンショウ　ト　ダンセイ　キョウイン　ニ　ヨル　カンリショク　ノ　センユウ　1980ネンダイ　マデ　ノ　オオイタケン　ヲ　ジレイ　ト　シテ

サトウ, トモミ

Sato, Tomomi

オオサカ ダイガク ダイガクイン ニンゲン カガク ケンキュウカ キョウイクガクケイ

Department of Education, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University

In 2020, the ratio of female to male principals was 21.8% and 7.5% in elementary and junior high schools, respectively. Although this has been on the rise since the 1990s, it is still low compared to the ratio of female teachers. Until the 1980s, male teachers exclusively occupied management positions, and school organization was the area where the patriarchal structure dragged on despite a call for the establishment of post-war democratic education. This study examines why the promotion of female teachers to managerial positions was hindered until the 1980s, focusing on the administration` s approach to promotions and measures to encourage mainly female teachers into retirement. This study also examines how female teachers who tried to increase the proportion of female managers resisted them. In addition to the homosocial distribution of managerial positions, the results reveal that female teachers were pressed to retire early to reduce educational budgets and to exchange their retirement for the promotion of their spouses in teacher couples. In addition, female teachers united against these problems and made it possible for them to continue working up to the senior stage, which led to a significant rise in the number of female managers since the 1990s.