学術雑誌論文

本学関連学会

text

The Journal of the Asian Conference of Design History and Theory. 2016, 1, p. 19-28

Pioneers of Japanese Design Education from Bijutsu to Kogyo Zuan in the Meiji Era

Amagai, Yoshinori

Osaka University Graduate School of Letters

英語

text

2016-03

Theme I : Design Education before the Bauhaus

Japanese industrial design education started with the Japanese word Bijutsu. The newly coined term first appeared in the Japanese program of the Vienna Universal Exhibition of 1873 as a translation of the German words Kunstgewerbe (applied art) and Bildende Kunst (fine art), which were used in the original German program. Through participation in the Vienna Exhibition, Japan learned European systems of museums and schools, which had been employed in Das k. k. Österreichische Museum für Kunst und Industrie (Imperial and Royal Austrian Museum for Art and Industry) and Die Kunstgewerbeschule (School of Applied Art) in Vienna, to educate young people in the applied arts. Models for these institutions were the South Kensington Museum (now the Victoria and Albert Museum) and the School of Design in London. It was the Kunstgewerbeschule in Vienna where Eizo Hirayama, the first Japanese design student in Vienna, studied applied art from 1874 to 1877. After returning to Japan, Hirayama, as an official of the Imperial Court Museum, introduced European ideas of applying art to industry, especially Gottfried Semper’s ideas of industrial art, Jacob von Falke’s aesthetics of applied art, and Felix Kanitz’s theory of ornaments, to Japan in the 1880s. Working for the Patent Bureau, Hirayama taught Kogyo Zuan (industrial design) at the Kogyo Kyoin Yosei-jo (Training Institution of Industrial Teachers) and the Tokyo Koto Kogyo Gakko ( Higher Technological School of Tokyo) from 1897 to 1907. It was the Kobu Bijutsu Gakko that was the first national art school founded by the Japanese government in 1876. Its fundamental principles were to encourage and promote Japanese industry by implanting modern Western art techniques, especially painting, sculpture, and architecture, into old Japanese manufacturing systems and to catch up with European art schools by mastering the principles of Western-style art. Therefore, it was to be a school for not only fine art but also applied art. Hisashi Matsuoka studied painting under the direction of Antonio Fontanesi, an Italian artist, at the Kobu Bijutsu Gakko from 1876 to 1878. Matsuoka also studied drawing and painting at the Regio Istituto de Belle Arti in Rome (Royal Institute of Fine Art) from 1881 to 1887. After returning to Japan, Matsuoka worked for the Patent Bureau during the 1890s, and he taught Kogyo Zuan at the Tokyo Koto Kogyo Gakko from 1906 to 1914. Hirayama and Matsuoka were pioneers of Japanese design education in the Meiji era.

10.18910/90881

90881

Pioneers of Japanese Design Education from Bijutsu to Kogyo Zuan in the Meiji Era

Amagai, Yoshinori

Osaka University Graduate School of Letters

英語

2016-03

The Journal of the Asian Conference of Design History and Theory

1

19

28

https://hdl.handle.net/11094/90881

10.18910/90881

https://doi.org/10.18910/90881