学術雑誌論文

本学関連学会

text

The Journal of the Asian Conference of Design History and Theory. 2016, 1, p. 63-71

The Landschaft concept in architectural education at the Bauhaus under Hannes Meyer : analysis of the notes of Meyer and his students

Tomita, Hideo

Osaka University Graduate School of Letters

英語

text

2016-03

Theme II : Design Education in the age of the Bauhaus

It is well known that the works of the Bauhaus’s second director Hannes Meyer (1889-1954) and the graduates who studied under him were innovative and expanded modernist architecture in such places as the Soviet Union, the Middle East, Asia, and South America. Although the global activities of Meyer and his graduates have been studied, little is known about their origin, i.e. the architectural education under Meyer (1928-1930), due to the destruction of the Bauhaus archive during wwII. Consequently, previous studies have focused on the architectural design based on scientific analyses as characteristics of Meyer’s architectural education, and base their analysis on the historical materials of student architectural drawings and Meyer’s own architectural theory. These two topics should not, however, be merged, since Meyer’s own architectural theory and educational method are not identical. Therefore, this study focuses on the latter and reveals the Landschaft (landscape) concept in architectural education at the Bauhaus under Meyer as one origin of the global activities of Meyer and his graduates. To achieve this, it explores student reports about the Bauhaus exhibition (1931) in Moscow, his (undated) notes for a lecture at the Bauhaus, his (undated) students’ records of lectures, and architectural drawings (1929). It then evaluates the characteristics of Meyer’s instruction by comparing his notes for lectures at universities in Mexico (1940). Through these documents, we can understand the following: (1) The architectural works of Meyer’s students were classified according to an explanation given by Phillip Tolziner, a Bauhaus graduate. This classification was verified in light of the similarity of the contents with those of Klaus Meumann’s architectural drawings (1929) and Meyer’s lecture manuscripts. (2) Students re-enacted the design process of ‘the grown house’, which was designed by Meyer based on functional analyses and dissolved layout into the landscape, as a vital exercise in an architectural theory course. (3) The resemblance between Sharon’s notes on Landschaft and Meyer’s lectures at Wien (1929) and Mexico (1940) suggest that Sharon’s notes recorded aspects of a Landschaft lecture given by Meyer. Since Meyer related ‘the grown house’ to Landschaft in the notes for his lecture at the National Polytechnic Institute in Mexico (1940), he probably also related them in the Bauhaus lecture. This architectural education may have enabled Meyer and his graduates to work around the globe in places with completely different social structures, climates, landscapes, and historical backgrounds from those of Germany.

10.18910/90885

90885

The Landschaft concept in architectural education at the Bauhaus under Hannes Meyer : analysis of the notes of Meyer and his students

Tomita, Hideo

Osaka University Graduate School of Letters

英語

2016-03

The Journal of the Asian Conference of Design History and Theory

1

63

71

https://hdl.handle.net/11094/90885

10.18910/90885

https://doi.org/10.18910/90885