Lake and Modern Architecture : Drought in Switzerland, Pile Dwellings, and Pilotis

Tomita, Hideo

doi:https://doi.org/10.18910/90916

Lake and Modern Architecture : Drought in Switzerland, Pile Dwellings, and Pilotis

Tomita, Hideo

The Journal of the Asian Conference of Design History and Theory, 2020, 3, 36-42

アクセス数:93件（2025-07-15 11:03 集計）

固定URL: https://doi.org/10.18910/90916

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タイトル	Lake and Modern Architecture : Drought in Switzerland, Pile Dwellings, and Pilotis
著者	NRID 1000080353316 1000080353316 著者名 Tomita, Hideo
キーワード等	Modern Swiss Architect
	Pile Dwelling
	Piloti
	Le Corbusier
	Hannes Meyer
内容	Theme I : Nature And Design
抄録	In 1854, Switzerland suffered from severe drought. Lake Zurich’s water level was extremely low, and the lakebed, which is normally hidden under the water, was visible. These circumstances enabled the discovery of countless piles situated at the bottom of Lake Zurich. A study revealed that in the prehistoric Alps, there were pile dwelling settlements on the lake. Towards the end of the 19th century, when the modern architects were mere children, estimated restoration drawings of the pile dwellings could be found in Swiss elementary school textbooks. Therefore, this study clarifies the influence of the discovery of prehistoric pile dwellings on the architectural works of the modern Swiss architects Le Corbusier (1887–1965) and Hannes Meyer (1889–1954). This study used published documents as research material, and it revealed the following. First, Le Corbusier and Hannes Meyer designed piloti-style buildings on the shores of Lake Zurich for the League of Nations competition project (1927). Second, the term ‘modern pile dwellings’ appears in the design concept of Hannes Meyer’s ADGB Trade Union School (1928–1930). In the execution plan (May 1930), the buildings maintained a certain level against the lake’s water surface; hence, the term ‘pile dwellings’ was used in the concept. Third, the area around Lake Garda is particularly important with regard to pile dwellings in Italy. Since the Bauhaus student Pius Pahl (1909–2003) voluntarily selected Lake Garda for his diploma project (1932–33) and designed a house with pilotis on the lakeside, it is not a stretch to think that Pahl knew of the pile dwellings when designing the house. This study clearly reveals that the drought and the subsequent discovery of the pile dwellings influenced the use of lakeside pilotis in the designs of the two modern Swiss architects in the 1920s.
出版者	The ACDHT 2019 FUKUOKA Executive Committee
収録物名	The Journal of the Asian Conference of Design History and Theory
巻(号)	3
ページ	36-42
刊行年月	2020-03
言語	英語
ハンドルURL	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/90916
DOI	https://doi.org/10.18910/90916
eISSN	21897166
アクセス権	open access
出版タイプ	Version of Record
カテゴリ	本学関連学会 Related Societies
カテゴリ	The Journal of the Asian Conference of Design History and Theory / No.3

資源タイプ	学術雑誌論文
ローカル資源タイプ	本学関連学会
DCMI資源タイプ	text
DCTERMS.bibliographicCitation	The Journal of the Asian Conference of Design History and Theory. 2020, 3, p. 36-42
DC.title	Lake and Modern Architecture : Drought in Switzerland, Pile Dwellings, and Pilotis
DC.creator	Tomita, Hideo
DC.publisher	The ACDHT 2019 FUKUOKA Executive Committee
DC.language' scheme='DCTERMS.RFC1766	英語
DC.type' scheme='DCTERMS.DCMIType	text
DCTERMS.issued' scheme='DCTERMS.W3CDTF	2020-03
DC.subject	Modern Swiss Architect
	Pile Dwelling
	Piloti
	Le Corbusier
	Hannes Meyer
DC.description	Theme I : Nature And Design
DCTERMS.abstract	In 1854, Switzerland suffered from severe drought. Lake Zurich’s water level was extremely low, and the lakebed, which is normally hidden under the water, was visible. These circumstances enabled the discovery of countless piles situated at the bottom of Lake Zurich. A study revealed that in the prehistoric Alps, there were pile dwelling settlements on the lake. Towards the end of the 19th century, when the modern architects were mere children, estimated restoration drawings of the pile dwellings could be found in Swiss elementary school textbooks. Therefore, this study clarifies the influence of the discovery of prehistoric pile dwellings on the architectural works of the modern Swiss architects Le Corbusier (1887–1965) and Hannes Meyer (1889–1954). This study used published documents as research material, and it revealed the following. First, Le Corbusier and Hannes Meyer designed piloti-style buildings on the shores of Lake Zurich for the League of Nations competition project (1927). Second, the term ‘modern pile dwellings’ appears in the design concept of Hannes Meyer’s ADGB Trade Union School (1928–1930). In the execution plan (May 1930), the buildings maintained a certain level against the lake’s water surface; hence, the term ‘pile dwellings’ was used in the concept. Third, the area around Lake Garda is particularly important with regard to pile dwellings in Italy. Since the Bauhaus student Pius Pahl (1909–2003) voluntarily selected Lake Garda for his diploma project (1932–33) and designed a house with pilotis on the lakeside, it is not a stretch to think that Pahl knew of the pile dwellings when designing the house. This study clearly reveals that the drought and the subsequent discovery of the pile dwellings influenced the use of lakeside pilotis in the designs of the two modern Swiss architects in the 1920s.
DC.identifier	10.18910/90916
DC.format	90916
citation_title	Lake and Modern Architecture : Drought in Switzerland, Pile Dwellings, and Pilotis
citation_author	Tomita, Hideo
citation_publisher	The ACDHT 2019 FUKUOKA Executive Committee
citation_language	英語
citation_date	2020-03
citation_journal_title	The Journal of the Asian Conference of Design History and Theory
citation_volume	3
citation_firstpage	36
citation_lastpage	42
citation_public_url	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/90916
citation_doi_detail	10.18910/90916
citation_doi	https://doi.org/10.18910/90916

Lake and Modern Architecture : Drought in Switzerland, Pile Dwellings, and Pilotis

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