Four Kyosei Theories : Four Perspectives for Discussing Kyosei: Tomoiki, Symbiosis, Ecosystem and Inclusion

4 ツ　ノ　キョウセイ　ロン　　キョウセイ　ヲ　トモイキ　シンバイオーシス　エコシステム　インクルージョン　ノ　4 ツ　ノ　シテン　カラ　セイリ　スル

ハヤカワ, マサシ

Hayaakwa, Masashi

早川, 卓志

ハヤカワ, タカシ

Hayakawa, Takashi

ともいき

シンバイオーシス

エコシステム

インクルージョン

コンフリクト

共生の場

Kyosei

Tomoiki

Symbiosis

Ecosystem

Inclusion

Conflict

Field of kyosei

RESEARCH ARTICLE

At present, the Japanese word “kyosei” is very ambiguous in Japanese communities. One of the original meanings of “kyosei” is “tomoiki,” which means law “engi” (pratītya samutpāda in Sanskrit) in Buddhism. This usage has been common in Jodo Shu (a Buddhist denomination) since the 20th century. The other original meaning of “kyosei” is “symbiosis,” a technical term in biology referring to modes of interaction among multiple species. However, since the 1980s, when communities became more interested in environmental issues and human rights, the term “kyosei” has been used as “ecosystem” in environmental science or as “inclusion,” which indicates desirable relationships in human society. Furthermore, “kyosei” usages that differ from these four theories have emerged very recently. They can be seen in various contexts as “a way of dealing with things” or “coexistence with beings that make us feel alive.” In summary, since the term “kyosei” has many meanings, using “kyosei” without sufficient context may confuse the discussion. In this paper, we explore the many accepted meanings of “kyosei.”

早川, 卓志