Understanding of the functions of forgiveness among preschoolers

Toda, Rizu; Toda, Nazu; Hagihara, Hiromichi; Kanakogi, Yasuhiro

doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106036

Understanding of the functions of forgiveness among preschoolers

Toda, Rizu; Toda, Nazu; Hagihara, Hiromichi et al.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2024, 247, 106036

アクセス数:373件（2025-07-15 06:39 集計）

固定URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11094/98178

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タイトル	Understanding of the functions of forgiveness among preschoolers
著者	著者名 Toda, Rizu
	著者名 Toda, Nazu
	NRID 1000000907735 1000000907735 researchmap permalink hagiii hagiii 著者名 Hagihara, Hiromichi
	NRID 1000030742217 1000030742217 researchmap permalink 7000008067 7000008067 Scopus Author ID 36102980500 36102980500 ORCID 0000-0003-0636-1619 0000-0003-0636-1619 著者名 Kanakogi, Yasuhiro
キーワード等	Forgiveness
	Interpersonal relationship
	Moral understanding
	Prosocial behavior
	Transgression
	Young children
内容	Toda R., Toda N., Hagihara H., et al. Understanding of the functions of forgiveness among preschoolers. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 247, 106036 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106036.
抄録	Forgiveness plays an important role in restoring and maintaining cooperative relationships. Previous studies have demonstrated that young children could forgive transgressors both as a third party and as a victim. However, the research on young children's understanding of forgiveness is scant. This study focused on the two main functions of forgiveness—the restoration of a damaged relationship between the victim and the transgressor and the positive emotional change in the victim toward the transgressor. In this study, 48 4-year-olds (25 girls), 50 5-year-olds (21 girls), and 50 6-year-olds (21 girls) in Japan heard stories in which a victim either did or did not forgive a transgressor. They answered questions about the relationship between the victim and the transgressor and the victim's feelings toward the transgressor. Regarding the restoration of a damaged relationship, 4- to 6-year-olds understood that the restoration could occur in the presence of forgiveness. Yet, 6-year-olds showed more distinctive belief than 4- and 5-year-olds that the damaged relationship remains unrestored without forgiveness from the victim. For emotional changes, 6-year-olds understood that the forgiving victim would experience positive emotional changes, whereas the unforgiving victim would not. However, 4- and 5-year-olds expected positive emotional changes even without forgiveness, although they anticipated greater changes after forgiveness. The results show that the understanding of the important functions of forgiveness is present at 4 years of age and matures by 6 years of age. Children may develop a sophisticated understanding of the functions of forgiveness later than the actual forgiving behavior.
出版者	Elsevier B.V.
収録物名	Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
巻(号)	247
ページ	106036
刊行年月	2024-11-01
言語	英語
ハンドルURL	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/98178
PISSN	00220965
eISSN	10960457
関連情報 (isIdenticalTo)	DOI (出版社版) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106036
アクセス権	open access
権利情報	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
出版タイプ	Version of Record
カテゴリ	学術雑誌論文 Journal Article

資源タイプ	学術雑誌論文
ローカル資源タイプ	学術雑誌論文
DCTERMS.bibliographicCitation	Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 2024, 247, p. 106036
DC.title	Understanding of the functions of forgiveness among preschoolers
DC.creator	Toda, Rizu
	Toda, Nazu
	Hagihara, Hiromichi
	Kanakogi, Yasuhiro
DC.publisher	Elsevier B.V.
DC.language' scheme='DCTERMS.RFC1766	英語
DCTERMS.issued' scheme='DCTERMS.W3CDTF	2024-11-01
DC.identifier	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106036
DC.subject	Forgiveness
	Interpersonal relationship
	Moral understanding
	Prosocial behavior
	Transgression
	Young children
DC.description	Toda R., Toda N., Hagihara H., et al. Understanding of the functions of forgiveness among preschoolers. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 247, 106036 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106036.
DCTERMS.abstract	Forgiveness plays an important role in restoring and maintaining cooperative relationships. Previous studies have demonstrated that young children could forgive transgressors both as a third party and as a victim. However, the research on young children's understanding of forgiveness is scant. This study focused on the two main functions of forgiveness—the restoration of a damaged relationship between the victim and the transgressor and the positive emotional change in the victim toward the transgressor. In this study, 48 4-year-olds (25 girls), 50 5-year-olds (21 girls), and 50 6-year-olds (21 girls) in Japan heard stories in which a victim either did or did not forgive a transgressor. They answered questions about the relationship between the victim and the transgressor and the victim's feelings toward the transgressor. Regarding the restoration of a damaged relationship, 4- to 6-year-olds understood that the restoration could occur in the presence of forgiveness. Yet, 6-year-olds showed more distinctive belief than 4- and 5-year-olds that the damaged relationship remains unrestored without forgiveness from the victim. For emotional changes, 6-year-olds understood that the forgiving victim would experience positive emotional changes, whereas the unforgiving victim would not. However, 4- and 5-year-olds expected positive emotional changes even without forgiveness, although they anticipated greater changes after forgiveness. The results show that the understanding of the important functions of forgiveness is present at 4 years of age and matures by 6 years of age. Children may develop a sophisticated understanding of the functions of forgiveness later than the actual forgiving behavior.
DC.rights	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
DC.format	98178
citation_title	Understanding of the functions of forgiveness among preschoolers
citation_author	Toda, Rizu
	Toda, Nazu
	Hagihara, Hiromichi
	Kanakogi, Yasuhiro
citation_publisher	Elsevier B.V.
citation_language	英語
citation_date	2024-11-01
citation_journal_title	Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
citation_volume	247
citation_firstpage	106036
citation_doi	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106036
citation_public_url	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/98178

Understanding of the functions of forgiveness among preschoolers

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