紀要論文

紀要論文

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阪大音楽学報. 2023, 19, p. 23-45

日本語

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2023-03-15

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the origin of “Kayokyoku” as a broadcasting term. In the early years of the Showa era (1926-1989), the word “Ryukoka” was established to refer to popular songs made in Japan produced by record companies. However, at radio stations “Ryukoka” made by record companies would be broadcast under the name “Kayokyoku”. This paper, scrutinizing the broadcast records of entertainment music programs from the early age of radio, traces back the practice of rebranding “Ryukoka” as “Kayokyoku”. Therefore, it also indicates how the relationship between radio stations and record companies was evolving from a state of conflict to one of collaboration. For this survey, I used the broadcast record “Kakutei-hyo” [“confirmation table”], which can be found at the NHK Museum of Broadcasting, but has received little attention until now. The “Kakutei-hyo” is a chronicle of daily broadcast programs that goes back to the opening of JOAK (Tokyo Broadcasting Station) in March 1925. It is considered to be the most important historical material about the early days of broadcasting. I investigate not only the JOAK but also the Osaka Broadcasting Station (JOBK) which had its own policy at that time. Following the Japan Broadcasting Corporation’s aim to enhance the musical culture of the Japanese people, early Japanese radio programs would mostly broadcast Western music (Yogaku) as well as traditional Japanese music (Hogaku), which also had been popular for a while. “Ryukoka” produced by Japanese record companies, however, were rarely aired at the time. This changed when “Ryukoka” became fashionable all over the country and were gradually broadcast on the radio under a new name. In the 1930s, when songs by composer Koga Masao (“Koga Melody”) successively turned into hits, this tendency became particularly pronounced as it led to music that had formerly been disregarded as “Ryukoka” to be even performed live on radio broadcasts. The Japan Broadcasting Corporation, in trying to avoid the word “Ryukoka”, started to label these songs as “Kayokyoku”, a term that originally had been used to categorize music created in the context of a current called “Shin Nippon Ongaku”, which had given birth to many newly-composed songs accompanied by traditional Japanese instruments. On December 31st 1933 alone, JOAK aired six radio programs using the word “Kayo kyoku” in their title. I argue that this day marked the establishment of the fixed usage of the broadcasting term “Kayokyoku” for what had been “Ryukoka” before. Moreover, in early spring 1934, a series of programs that looked back on the history of “Kayokyoku“ had been developed in cooperation with record companies, thus helping to establish the position of “Kayokyoku” even further.

10.18910/98490

98490

昭和初年のラジオにおける放送種目としての 「歌謡曲」 の成立過程

寺西, 厚史

大阪大学文学部・大学院人文学研究科音楽学研究室

日本語

2023-03-15

阪大音楽学報

19

23

45

https://hdl.handle.net/11094/98490

10.18910/98490

https://doi.org/10.18910/98490