Reexamination of Equality of Opportunity on the Intergenerational Mobility Research : Making Reference to Adam Swift's Criticism of Perfect Mobility

セダイカン イドウ ケンキュウ ニオケル キカイ ノ ビョウドウ ノ サイケントウ アダム スウィフト ノ カンゼン イドウ ヒハン ヲ サンコウニ

ヒラオ, イチロウ

Hirao, Ichiro

オオサカ ダイガク ダイガクイン ニンゲン カガク ケンキュウカ シャカイガク ニンゲンガク ジンルイガク ケンキュウシツ

Sociology, Anthropology and Philosophy, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University

世代間移動

ミクロ・マクロ・リンク

社会規範

完全移動

equality of opportunity

intergenerational mobility

micro-to-macro link

social norm

perfecct mobility

This paper focuses on the problem that the intergenerational mobility research tends to fall into difficulty, since it is macro sociology. In many intergenerational mobility researches, researchers judge whether society is equality or inequality of opportunity after mobility table analysis. However, this judgment is not always clear. The reason is because the intergenerational mobility research has insufficiency at the link to micro, and at the link to social norm other than equality of opportunity. Reexamination of this paper is constituted by three examinations. First of all, it is the examination of intergenerational mobility research as macro sociology. It points out the insufficiency of the link to micro and social norm with making reference to Swift's criticism of perfect mobility. Second, it is the examination of “outcome” of mobility at micro level. For the link to social norm, it classifies value, which precedes outcome, into social value, family value, and individual value. Third, it is the examination of intergenerational mobility of macro level with the assumption of classified three values. It analyzes the extreme types of intergenerational mobility which are perfect mobility and imperfect mobility, with assuming each of the classified values. As the result of these three examinations, when taking the value accompanying mobility into consideration, it turned out that equality of opportunity should not be assumed on mobility tables, but that inequality of opportunity can be assumed on these as imperfect mobility. Therefore, this paper shows the way of judgment, which emphasizes a comparative viewpoint for solving the problem of micro-to-macro link, whether a society is equalizing or inequalizing of opportunity.