Voluntary settlement and the ethos of independence : An effect of choice enhancing motivation in Hokkaido

ツダ, スグル

Tsuda, Suguru

石井, 敬子

イシイ, ケイコ

Ishii, Keiko

オオサカ ダイガク ダイガクイン ニンゲン カガク ケンキュウカ タイジン シャカイ シンリガク ケンキュウシツ

独立エートス

北海道

選択

動機づけ

voluntary settlement

the ethos of independence

Hokkaido

choice

motivation

Voluntary settlement is a factor facilitating the ethos of independence. Past studies have shown that Japanese socialized in Hokkaido, which is a northern island of Japan with a recent history of voluntary settlement, are nearly as likely as European Americans in North America to behave independently. The current study examined the voluntary settlement hypothesis by testing Hokkaido Japanese in respect to an effect of choice on motivation. Previous findings indicate that North Americans are more motivated toward a task chosen in the absence of eyes of others, whereas East Asians are more motivated toward a task chosen in the presence of eyes of others. The current study found that Hokkaido Japanese were more motivated toward a task chosen in the absence of eyes of others, compared to a task chosen in the presence of eyes of others, consistent with the voluntary settlement hypothesis. In contrast, as in the previous study, the effect of choice disappeared in self-reported measurements.

石井, 敬子