Toward Reconstructing a Theory of Disaster Volunteers

サイガイ　ボランティアロン　ノ　サイコウチク　ニ　ムケテ

アツミ, トモヒデ

Atsumi, Tomohide

サイガイ　ト　キョウセイ　ケンキュウカイ

災害ボランティア論

交換様式

遊動化のドライブ

秩序化のドライブ

Disaster Volunteers

Theory of Disaster Volunteers

Mode of Exchange

Drive for Nomadization

Drive for Institutionalization

The present study introduces and discusses a vison for a theory of disaster volunteers by locating voluntarism in the historical dynamics of modes of exchange by a Japanese philosopher, Kojin Karatani. First, I focus on one of the disaster volunteer centers opened following the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake, where the drive for institutionalization proposed earlier by the author exceeded the power of its opposite drive (i.e., drive for nomadization) and, accordingly, created limiting factors for relief activities by disaster volunteers rather than expanding them. Second, I examine the societal context of disaster volunteers from the theoretical framework of mode of exchange and its historical dynamics, and argue that the theory of disaster volunteers was not prepared to initiate a new mode of exchange because it had not taken into account the current modes of exchange. Finally, I conclude that, to develop and reconstruct the theory of disaster volunteers, we should examine the similarity and dissimilarity between disaster volunteers and each mode of exchange thoroughly and discuss how the negation of the current modes of exchange can lead a new mode for disaster volunteers.