Direct observation and stochastic analysis on thermally activated nucleation and growth of individual magnetic domain

Luo, Fangfei; Toyoki, Kentaro; Mitsumata, Chiharu; Shen, Jiaqi; Nakatani, Ryoichi; Shiratsuchi, Yu

doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171228

Direct observation and stochastic analysis on thermally activated nucleation and growth of individual magnetic domain

Luo, Fangfei; Toyoki, Kentaro; Mitsumata, Chiharu et al.

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2023, 587, 171228

Number of Access:780（2025-08-14 01:06 Counts）

Identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11094/92840

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Title	Direct observation and stochastic analysis on thermally activated nucleation and growth of individual magnetic domain
Creator	CreatorName Luo, Fangfei
	NRID 1000090780007 1000090780007 ORCID 0000-0003-2887-0326 0000-0003-2887-0326 researchmap permalink k_toyoki k_toyoki Scopus Author ID 55970429100 55970429100 CreatorName Toyoki, Kentaro
	NRID 1000070600542 1000070600542 CreatorName Mitsumata, Chiharu
	CreatorName Shen, Jiaqi
	NRID 1000060314374 1000060314374 researchmap permalink read0068619 read0068619 Scopus Author ID 7005234924 7005234924 CreatorName Nakatani, Ryoichi
	NRID 1000070379121 1000070379121 ORCID 0000-0002-8938-4869 0000-0002-8938-4869 researchmap permalink read0090304 read0090304 Scopus Author ID 6602197167 6602197167 CreatorName Shiratsuchi, Yu
Subject	Exchange bias
	Magnetic domain wall
	Magnetization relaxation
	Thermal activation
Description	Luo F., Toyoki K., Mitsumata C., et al. Direct observation and stochastic analysis on thermally activated nucleation and growth of individual magnetic domain. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 587, 171228 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171228.
Abstract	The nucleation and subsequent growth of the reversed magnetic domain at a finite temperature are stochastic processes, which are often analyzed using an ensemble of magnetic elements. In this study, we investigate the stochastics of magnetization reversal in multiple trials for the sole magnetic domain. Specifically, we utilize the robust magnetic domain structure formed in a dual-exchange-biased Pt/Co/Au/Cr2O3/Pt thin film. Our investigation encompasses the latency of reversed domain nucleation and the subsequent domain wall motion based on time-lapse magnetic domain observations. The time evolution of the magnetic domain is observed after applying a pulsed magnetic field superimposed on a DC field. Magnetization reversal is triggered by the nucleation of a small embryo with finite latency, followed by domain wall propagation. The nucleation probability of the embryo increases exponentially with the DC field, thus indicating that the nucleation process obeys the Poisson process. An analysis of the relaxation time for nucleation provides a suitable expression for the energy barrier. The nucleated domain wall propagates with temporal stops, thus indicating creep motion. The temperature dependence of the relaxation time and domain wall creep motion reveal that the magnetic anisotropy in the antiferromagnetic layer significantly affect both the energy barrier for nucleation and the depinning potential of domain wall propagation. This study provides comprehensive understanding into the coercivity mechanism and contributes to the thermal stability of magnetic/spintronic devices.
Publisher	Elsevier B.V.
Source Title	Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
Volume (Issue)	587
Page	171228
Date of Issued	2023-12-01
Language	English
Handle URL	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/92840
PISSN	03048853
eISSN	18734766
Relation.isVersionOf	DOI (Publisher Version) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171228
Access Rights	embargoed access
CopyRight	© 2023. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license
CopyRight	The full-text file will be made open to the public on 1 December 2025 in accordance with the publisher's policy.
oaire:version	Accepted Manuscript
Category	学術雑誌論文 Journal Article

Resource Type	journal article
Local Type	Journal Article
DCMI Type	Text
DCTERMS.bibliographicCitation	Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2023, 587, p. 171228
DC.title	Direct observation and stochastic analysis on thermally activated nucleation and growth of individual magnetic domain
DC.creator	Luo, Fangfei
	Toyoki, Kentaro
	Mitsumata, Chiharu
	Shen, Jiaqi
	Nakatani, Ryoichi
	Shiratsuchi, Yu
DC.publisher	Elsevier B.V.
DC.language' scheme='DCTERMS.RFC1766	English
DC.type' scheme='DCTERMS.DCMIType	Text
DCTERMS.issued' scheme='DCTERMS.W3CDTF	2023-12-01
DC.identifier	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171228
DC.subject	Exchange bias
	Magnetic domain wall
	Magnetization relaxation
	Thermal activation
DC.description	Luo F., Toyoki K., Mitsumata C., et al. Direct observation and stochastic analysis on thermally activated nucleation and growth of individual magnetic domain. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 587, 171228 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171228.
DCTERMS.abstract	The nucleation and subsequent growth of the reversed magnetic domain at a finite temperature are stochastic processes, which are often analyzed using an ensemble of magnetic elements. In this study, we investigate the stochastics of magnetization reversal in multiple trials for the sole magnetic domain. Specifically, we utilize the robust magnetic domain structure formed in a dual-exchange-biased Pt/Co/Au/Cr2O3/Pt thin film. Our investigation encompasses the latency of reversed domain nucleation and the subsequent domain wall motion based on time-lapse magnetic domain observations. The time evolution of the magnetic domain is observed after applying a pulsed magnetic field superimposed on a DC field. Magnetization reversal is triggered by the nucleation of a small embryo with finite latency, followed by domain wall propagation. The nucleation probability of the embryo increases exponentially with the DC field, thus indicating that the nucleation process obeys the Poisson process. An analysis of the relaxation time for nucleation provides a suitable expression for the energy barrier. The nucleated domain wall propagates with temporal stops, thus indicating creep motion. The temperature dependence of the relaxation time and domain wall creep motion reveal that the magnetic anisotropy in the antiferromagnetic layer significantly affect both the energy barrier for nucleation and the depinning potential of domain wall propagation. This study provides comprehensive understanding into the coercivity mechanism and contributes to the thermal stability of magnetic/spintronic devices.
DC.rights	© 2023. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license
DC.rights	The full-text file will be made open to the public on 1 December 2025 in accordance with the publisher's policy.
DC.format	92840
citation_title	Direct observation and stochastic analysis on thermally activated nucleation and growth of individual magnetic domain
citation_author	Luo, Fangfei
	Toyoki, Kentaro
	Mitsumata, Chiharu
	Shen, Jiaqi
	Nakatani, Ryoichi
	Shiratsuchi, Yu
citation_publisher	Elsevier B.V.
citation_language	English
citation_date	2023-12-01
citation_journal_title	Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
citation_volume	587
citation_firstpage	171228
citation_doi	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171228
citation_public_url	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/92840

Direct observation and stochastic analysis on thermally activated nucleation and growth of individual magnetic domain

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