Kinetic analysis of D-Alanine upon oral intake in humans

Kimura, Tomonori; Sakai, Shinsuke; Horio, Masaru; Takahara, Shiro; Ishigo, Shoto; Nakane, Maiko; Negishi, Eiichi; Imoto, Hiroshi; Mita, Masashi; Hamase, Kenji; Higa-Maekawa, Yoko; Kakuta, Yoichi; Mizui, Masayuki; Isaka, Yoshitaka

doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-024-03421-6

Kinetic analysis of D-Alanine upon oral intake in humans

Kimura, Tomonori; Sakai, Shinsuke; Horio, Masaru et al.

Amino Acids, 2024, 56, 61

Number of Access:1,523（2025-09-12 06:38 Counts）

Identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11094/98394

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Title	Kinetic analysis of D-Alanine upon oral intake in humans
Creator	NRID 1000000631300 1000000631300 researchmap permalink KimuraUNM KimuraUNM ORCID 0000-0001-8186-094X 0000-0001-8186-094X Scopus Author ID 57199363473 57199363473 CreatorName Kimura, Tomonori
	NRID 1000060817360 1000060817360 CreatorName Sakai, Shinsuke
	CreatorName Horio, Masaru
	NRID 1000070179547 1000070179547 researchmap permalink read0080308 read0080308 CreatorName Takahara, Shiro
	CreatorName Ishigo, Shoto
	CreatorName Nakane, Maiko
	CreatorName Negishi, Eiichi
	CreatorName Imoto, Hiroshi
	CreatorName Mita, Masashi
	NRID 1000010284522 1000010284522 CreatorName Hamase, Kenji
	CreatorName Higa-Maekawa, Yoko
	NRID 1000040710116 1000040710116 researchmap permalink 987654321 987654321 ORCID 0000-0001-5339-4312 0000-0001-5339-4312 Scopus Author ID 23009020800 23009020800 CreatorName Kakuta, Yoichi
	NRID 1000030423106 1000030423106 ORCID 0000-0003-2543-8108 0000-0003-2543-8108 researchmap permalink msmizui msmizui Scopus Author ID 8935909200 8935909200 CreatorName Mizui, Masayuki
	NRID 1000000379166 1000000379166 researchmap permalink isaka-handai3857 isaka-handai3857 Scopus Author ID 16207611100 16207611100 ORCID 0000-0002-0820-7167 0000-0002-0820-7167 CreatorName Isaka, Yoshitaka
Subject	Clearance
	D-Alanine
	Distribution
	Kinetics
	Pharmacokinetics
	Urinary excretion
Description	The version of record of this article, first published in Amino Acids, is available online at Publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-024-03421-6.
Abstract	D-Alanine, a rare enantiomer of alanine, can potentially alleviate the worsening of viral infections and maintain circadian rhythm. This study aimed to analyze the kinetics of D-Alanine upon oral intake. Five healthy volunteers were administered D-Alanine as a single oral dose at 11,236 or 33,708 µmoL (1–3 g). Upon intake of the lower dose, the plasma level of D-Alanine reached its peak concentration of 588.4 ± 40.9 µM with a peak time of 0.60 ± 0.06 h. The compartment model estimated the clearance of D-Alanine at 12.5 ± 0.3 L/h, or 208 ± 5 mL/min, distribution volume of 8.3 ± 0.7 L and half-life of 0.46 ± 0.04 h, suggesting a rapid clearance of D-Alanine. The peak concentration and area under the curve increased proportionally upon intake of the higher dose, while the clearance, distribution volume and half-life did not. The urinary ratio of D-Alanine per sum of D- and L-Alanine reached its peak of nearly 100%, followed by a slow decline. The peak time of the urinary ratio was 1.15 ± 0.15 h, showing a time lag of blood to urine excretion. Fractional excretion, a ratio of the clearance of a substance per a standard molecule in kidney, of D-Alanine increased from 14.0 ± 5.8% to 64.5 ± 10.3%; the latter corresponded to the urinary clearance of D-Alanine as about 77 mL/min for an adult, with a peak time of 1.90 ± 0.56 h. D-Alanine was quickly absorbed and appeared in blood, followed by urinary excretion. This kinetic analysis increases our fundamental knowledge of the oral intake of D-Alanine for the chronic dosing.
Publisher	Springer
Source Title	Amino Acids
Volume (Issue)	56
Page	61
Date of Issued	2024-10-14
Language	English
Handle URL	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/98394
PISSN	09394451
eISSN	14382199
Relation.isIdenticalTo	DOI (Publisher Version) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-024-03421-6
Access Rights	open access
CopyRight	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
oaire:version	Version of Record
Category	学術雑誌論文 Journal Article

Resource Type	journal article
Local Type	Journal Article
DCTERMS.bibliographicCitation	Amino Acids. 2024, 56, p. 61
DC.title	Kinetic analysis of D-Alanine upon oral intake in humans
DC.creator	Kimura, Tomonori
	Sakai, Shinsuke
	Horio, Masaru
	Takahara, Shiro
	Ishigo, Shoto
	Nakane, Maiko
	Negishi, Eiichi
	Imoto, Hiroshi
	Mita, Masashi
	Hamase, Kenji
	Higa-Maekawa, Yoko
	Kakuta, Yoichi
	Mizui, Masayuki
	Isaka, Yoshitaka
DC.publisher	Springer
DC.language' scheme='DCTERMS.RFC1766	English
DCTERMS.issued' scheme='DCTERMS.W3CDTF	2024-10-14
DC.identifier	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-024-03421-6
DC.subject	Clearance
	D-Alanine
	Distribution
	Kinetics
	Pharmacokinetics
	Urinary excretion
DC.description	The version of record of this article, first published in Amino Acids, is available online at Publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-024-03421-6.
DCTERMS.abstract	D-Alanine, a rare enantiomer of alanine, can potentially alleviate the worsening of viral infections and maintain circadian rhythm. This study aimed to analyze the kinetics of D-Alanine upon oral intake. Five healthy volunteers were administered D-Alanine as a single oral dose at 11,236 or 33,708 µmoL (1–3 g). Upon intake of the lower dose, the plasma level of D-Alanine reached its peak concentration of 588.4 ± 40.9 µM with a peak time of 0.60 ± 0.06 h. The compartment model estimated the clearance of D-Alanine at 12.5 ± 0.3 L/h, or 208 ± 5 mL/min, distribution volume of 8.3 ± 0.7 L and half-life of 0.46 ± 0.04 h, suggesting a rapid clearance of D-Alanine. The peak concentration and area under the curve increased proportionally upon intake of the higher dose, while the clearance, distribution volume and half-life did not. The urinary ratio of D-Alanine per sum of D- and L-Alanine reached its peak of nearly 100%, followed by a slow decline. The peak time of the urinary ratio was 1.15 ± 0.15 h, showing a time lag of blood to urine excretion. Fractional excretion, a ratio of the clearance of a substance per a standard molecule in kidney, of D-Alanine increased from 14.0 ± 5.8% to 64.5 ± 10.3%; the latter corresponded to the urinary clearance of D-Alanine as about 77 mL/min for an adult, with a peak time of 1.90 ± 0.56 h. D-Alanine was quickly absorbed and appeared in blood, followed by urinary excretion. This kinetic analysis increases our fundamental knowledge of the oral intake of D-Alanine for the chronic dosing.
DC.rights	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
DC.format	98394
citation_title	Kinetic analysis of D-Alanine upon oral intake in humans
citation_author	Kimura, Tomonori
	Sakai, Shinsuke
	Horio, Masaru
	Takahara, Shiro
	Ishigo, Shoto
	Nakane, Maiko
	Negishi, Eiichi
	Imoto, Hiroshi
	Mita, Masashi
	Hamase, Kenji
	Higa-Maekawa, Yoko
	Kakuta, Yoichi
	Mizui, Masayuki
	Isaka, Yoshitaka
citation_publisher	Springer
citation_language	English
citation_date	2024-10-14
citation_journal_title	Amino Acids
citation_volume	56
citation_firstpage	61
citation_doi	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-024-03421-6
citation_public_url	https://hdl.handle.net/11094/98394

Kinetic analysis of D-Alanine upon oral intake in humans

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